Metformin

Trial registry update: NOT_YET_RECRUITING. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

Trial registry update: TERMINATED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: RECRUITING. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: NOT_YET_RECRUITING. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: RECRUITING. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

Trial registry update: RECRUITING. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: RECRUITING. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: UNKNOWN. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: UNKNOWN. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: UNKNOWN. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING. No results reported in the supplied registry record.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

Trial registry update: COMPLETED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

Trial registry update: TERMINATED. Results are posted in the registry; assessment pending.

This observational cost comparison analysed 445 antibiotic prescriptions for periodontitis at a UK dental hospital between 2021-2024. Azithromycin reduced acquisition costs by 55% compared to guideline-recommended amoxicillin plus metronidazole (£2.81 per course). Non-antimicrobial adjuncts including metformin 500 mg achieved up to 91% cost reductions depending on treatment duration.

This is a protocol paper describing a planned RCT, not results from a completed trial. The study will randomize 146 overweight or obese women aged 25-45 with PMOS and elevated triglycerides or apoB to receive either fish oil (5.96 g/day) or placebo for 12 months alongside standard metformin therapy. Primary outcomes are carotid intimal-medial thickness, carotid plaque height, and left ventricular strain; secondary outcomes include blood lipids and glucose-insulin measures.

This randomized placebo-controlled trial tested metformin 500 mg three times daily for 2 months in prediabetic subjects. The study aimed to measure expression of longevity-related genes (SIRT1, p66Shc, p53, mTOR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte polarization markers, and inflammatory cytokines. No results are reported in this abstract.

The METAL study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind window of opportunity trial examining metformin's biological effects in localized prostate cancer. No results, effect sizes, or sample size details were reported in the available material.

This 6-month randomised trial enrolled 60 overweight adults into metformin treatment, standard diet, or calorie restriction groups (20 per group). Researchers measured blood and muscle samples to assess whether metformin induces a dietary restriction-like gene expression state in humans, prompted by prior animal studies and observational associations between metformin use and reduced cancer and cardiovascular disease risk.

This was a randomized controlled trial testing whether metformin over 16 weeks could prevent frailty progression in non-diabetic pre-frail older adults. The study measured frailty status, quality of life, handgrip strength, gait speed, and serum myostatin levels. However, the abstract does not report the actual results, effect sizes, or whether the hypothesis was supported.

This RCT examined whether metformin enhances the adaptations to resistance exercise in older adults. The study aimed to determine whether metformin could increase muscle mass and strength gains during resistance training. No sample size, effect size, or specific results are reported in the provided material.

This RCT examined whether metformin could prevent sarcopenia in older adults with prediabetes. The study was motivated by evidence that insulin resistance increases sarcopenia risk in older people. No effect size or outcomes data were reported in the abstract.

This randomised controlled pilot study tested whether metformin enhances immune responses to high-dose flu vaccine in older adults. Participants received either metformin or placebo for 22 weeks, with vaccination at week 12 and immune response measured at 6 timepoints. The abstract does not report the study results, sample size, or effect sizes.

This pilot randomized controlled trial investigated whether metformin treatment could restore gene expression patterns in older adults with impaired glucose tolerance to match those of younger healthy subjects. The study was motivated by preclinical evidence suggesting metformin may influence cellular aging processes beyond glucose control. No sample size, treatment duration, results, or effect sizes were reported in the available abstract.

This was a Phase III randomized controlled trial in people with metabolic syndrome designed to test whether metformin and comprehensive lifestyle changes (moderate physical activity, Mediterranean/macrobiotic diet with calorie and protein restriction) prevent age-related chronic diseases. The abstract describes only the study design and aims; no results or outcomes are reported.

This pilot and feasibility RCT examined whether chronic metformin administration could reduce aging-related biochemical parameters and improve physical performance in elderly participants, as measured by short physical performance battery testing. The authors framed the study as testing potential benefits for cellular longevity and aging markers, but specific outcomes, sample size, and effect sizes were not reported in the provided abstract.

This RCT tested whether metformin, an FDA-approved diabetes drug, could slow geographic atrophy progression in non-diabetic patients with age-related macular degeneration. The abstract does not report sample size, baseline characteristics, duration, outcomes, or results.

This pilot RCT tested whether short-term metformin therapy would increase autophagy markers in adults with prediabetes. The primary outcome was increased LC3 levels in leukocytes as a surrogate for cellular autophagy and aging. The abstract describes the study design and hypothesis but does not report the actual results or effect sizes.

A randomized controlled trial (SPRY study) embedded within an adaptive platform testing multiple interventions for elective surgery patients. The study aims to determine whether metformin improves surgical outcomes, specifically hospital-free days at day 90, in nondiabetic older adults undergoing elective surgery. No results are reported.

This was a randomised controlled trial examining whether metformin could improve immune response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in older adults. The abstract provides only the research question and does not report the sample size, results, or effect sizes.

This systematic review examined pharmacological interventions targeting aging pathways, including metformin, from literature published January 2010–May 2026. Metformin and rapamycin had among the most extensive preclinical and translational evidence, but the review found that clinical evidence for broadly applicable geroprotection remains limited. The authors emphasize a substantial gap between mechanistic plausibility and clinically validated geroprotection in humans.

A Phase II randomized controlled trial investigated whether oral metformin could slow aging processes in middle-aged and elderly people. The study aimed to identify sensitive markers of aging and develop frameworks for anti-aging interventions, though specific findings, sample size, and effect sizes were not reported in the available information.

This was a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial that tested whether metformin 850 mg twice daily could slow lung function decline in COPD patients with emphysema. Participants took metformin or placebo for 3 years, with the primary outcome being change in FEV1 (a measure of lung function). The abstract provided describes only the study protocol without reporting the actual results or effect sizes.

This is a randomized controlled trial protocol comparing four groups (control, metformin alone, metformin plus rapamycin, and metformin plus naltrexone) in patients discontinuing GLP-1 receptor agonists. The study aims to assess whether these interventions reduce weight regain over six months post-cessation and improve metabolic markers. No results have been reported; this appears to be a study design document rather than outcome data.

This abstract describes an RCT designed to test whether metformin prevents or reduces frailty progression in high-risk older adults by modulating diabetes, insulin resistance, and inflammation. No results, sample size, or effect sizes are provided in the available material.

A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study examined metformin extended-release (1500 mg/day) as monotherapy or add-on treatment in older people with multiple sclerosis. The study assessed safety, tolerability, and neuroprotective effects measured by brain MRI over 9 months. No results or findings are reported in this abstract.

This randomized controlled trial investigated whether metformin could prevent muscle atrophy and insulin resistance in older adults during bed rest. The abstract indicates metformin has shown benefits for insulin sensitivity and muscle preservation in insulin-resistant populations, but this study's specific findings, sample size, and effect sizes are not reported in the available material.

This prospective randomized open-label trial enrolled 66 adults with obesity who had not used weight-loss medications for at least 3 months. Participants received semaglutide, tirzepatide, or metformin for 24 weeks. The study measured changes in epigenetic (biological) age using iWatchAge DNA methylation testing and tracked aging-related biomarkers including inflammatory factors, metabolic parameters, and body composition.

This document describes the protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating whether metformin treatment affects aging-related biomarkers in prediabetic subjects from North India. The study planned to compare 6 months of metformin versus placebo and measure telomere length, telomerase activity, and expression of longevity-related genes (SIRT1, p66Shc, p53, mTOR) in blood cells. No results or outcome data are reported.

This was a 90-day randomized controlled pilot trial comparing three arms: control, multi-therapy (including metformin, naltrexone, B12, and NAD+), and comprehensive therapy (including metformin, rapamycin, naltrexone, B12, NAD+, GSH, and other supplements). The study enrolled up to 30 subjects (approximately 10 per arm) to assess effects on longevity-related outcomes. Effect sizes were not reported.

A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT in 148 non-diabetic subjects stratified by baseline insulin sensitivity tested whether metformin improves outcomes in insulin-resistant individuals but worsens them in insulin-sensitive individuals. The study assessed insulin sensitivity, glucose regulation, aging biomarkers, and mitochondrial function via skeletal muscle biopsy pre- and post-intervention.

This RCT tested whether a combination of lifestyle intervention (weight loss and exercise) plus metformin was effective for reversing sarcopenic obesity and frailty in older obese Veterans. The abstract describes the study hypothesis and population but does not report results, sample sizes, or effect sizes.